Child Labor In India

Child Labor In India Child labor is something where children of younger age start to earn in order to support their family. In other words, child labor is any kind of work children are made to do that harms or exploits them physically, mentally or morally. According to the World Labor Report, the child labor is considered as forced labor because children are rarely in a position to give free consent to any activities performed by them as most aspect of their lives are determined by adults. Child labor is a curse to our society and a crime against humanity. Children work when they are supposed to play or go to school. By making them work in this tender age we are not only destroying their future, but also playing with the destiny of the country. The child is the father of man. This famous line quoted by William Wordsworth specifies the importance of the child for the development of building a healthy nation and society. Childhood is the most innocent stage in human life. A child normally has to enjoy its childhood days with its parents, teachers, friends etc. It is that stage of life where fine and long lasting impressions gather in childs mind. However, this simple rule of nature has been crippled by the ever-growing menace of child labor. In this modern world, child labor still remains a serious problem in many parts of the world. Today, throughout the world, around 215 million children are child labors. The sad thing is that they work under hazardous circumstances. More than half of them are exposed to the worst form of child labor such as work in harmful environments, slavery, or other forms of forced labor, illicit activities including drug trafficking and prostitution, as well as involvement in armed conflict. Child labor is a major problem in India. It is a great challenge that the country is facing. India accounts for the second highest number of child labors after Africa. In a country like India where over 40 percent of the population is living in conditions of extreme poverty, child labor is a complex issue. However, acute poverty is the main cause for child labor throughout the world, but everybody society. Parents, government, individual, low wages, unemployment, poor standard of living, deep social prejudices and backwardness are directly responsible for child labor in India. In Indian, despite, there is no enactment which genuinely contributed for eradication of child labor. The constitution in article 25 states that no child below 14 years will be employed in any factories or mines or engaged in any hazardous occupation that is harmful for them. But, till now it is not remarked anywhere of ablution or elimination of child labor. Admitting that the Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act of 1986 have put forward some average working conditions for children who work in hazardous environment, yet the word hazardous has not been specified clearly anywhere in the constitution, or in any act asserted on child labor. Thus, the clarification of the term hazardous is unclear and inadequate especially in the case of child labor. Child labor can be factory work, mining, or quarrying, agriculture, helping in parents business, having ones own small business, or doing odd jobs. Children work as waiters in restaurants and sometimes as tourists guides. Other children are forced to do draggy and uninteresting jobs such as polishing shoes of rich people or accumulating boxes. However, instead of working in factories and sweatshops, most child labor occurs in the informal sector, children are forced to sell products on the streets, work in agriculture fields or hidden away in houses- far from the reach of official labor inspectors and from media inspection. There are many types of child labor but bonded child labor or slave labor is one of the worst types of labor for children. It is estimated that approximately 10 million bonded children laborers are working as domestic servants in India. Apart from this there are nearly 55 million bonded child laborers who are employed across several other industries. A recent International Labor Organization (ILO) report says that in India there are about 80 percent of child laborers who are hired in the agriculture sector. Generally, the children are sold to the rich moneylenders to whom borrowed money cannot be returned. In addition to this Street children is another type of child labor where children work on the street as beggars, flower sellers, etc. Sometimes children are not being provided with food for long so that people feel sorry for them and give alms. The statistical information regarding child labor cannot be taken to be precise, as there are areas where no accounting has been done. Child labor is in fact, a source of income for poor families. Poor parents give birth to children thinking they would earn more money. The children either increase their parents income or are the only wage earners in the family. Because of poverty families are forced to send their children into labor, the employers find it a source of cheap and trouble free labor. Children can be beaten and tormented into doing dirty jobs. Innocent children are employed by industries and individuals who put them to work under exhausting environments. They are made to work for long hours in dangerous factory units and sometimes made to carry load even heavier than their own body weight. Millions of children are involved in work that is unacceptable for children, including the sale and trafficking of children into debt bondage, serfdom, and forced labor. It includes the forced employment of children for armed conflict, commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities such as producing and trafficking drugs. This is the story of child labor in all the poor developing and underdeveloped countries of world including India. Even after sixty-five years of independence India has not been able to give any liberation to the poor. Yet withdrawal of child labor is cureless task in the current socio-economic scenario, the Indian government is dedicated to the task of confirming that all the children should be literate and that no child remains illiterate, hungry and without medical care. When this ideal will be achieved is a million dollar question. Child labor is, no doubt an evil that should be done away with at the earliest. The prevalence of child labor rebound and effects adversely on society that it is not able to stop this evil. But in a society where many households have to go through the discomfort of starvation if the children are withdrawn from work, beggars cant be chooser. Unfortunately these families have to send their children to work, knowing that the future of the child will be ruined but they have to, as that is the only way open for them to survive in this world. Therefore unless the socio economic status of the poor families is improved, India has to live with child labor.

Critical essay: langston hughes Essay

Langston Hughes (1902 – 1967) is a famous African-American writer in the 20th century. Most of his writings depict the strength of experiential faith that originates from group pressure that calls for the ultimate compliance, which in turn destroys one’s personal conviction (Hughes and Harper, 1997). In his work entitled â€Å"Salvation,† Hughes describes his life during the 1940’s. It generally focused on an assembly related to each individual’s renewal. Hughes described his aunt’s continuous explanation that he will be saved and experience enlightenment if he allows Jesus to come and be a part of his life. Hughes narrates that he obediently attended the series of assemblies but he never saw Jesus at the meetings. At the same time, he is coerced by his peers to claim that he has been spiritually saved. The author employed the medium of writing to demonstrate that young minds are simply do what their elders say and eventually realize as they mature that there is more to being obedient and that is, there is so much misinterpretation and disillusionment as children mature. Hughes’ essay stresses the point that the young minds of children perceive things at a different level and that this may not be equivalent to those of adults. Children oftentimes take every word that they hear from adults at their literal equivalent, hence in his essay, Hughes was literally expecting that after attending several meetings at their church, Jesus would walk in and possibly approach the author. Since this expectation was not at all fulfilled, Hughes, who was then in his early teens, felt betrayed, fooled and disillusioned at the same time. The theme of â€Å"Salvation† involved faith, obedience and innocence. Faith is described in relation to the congregation of Hughes’ aunt that has been getting together for several weeks, as well as the rest of the churchgoers and minister. Obedience is depicted as Hughes follows almost everything that his aunt tells him to do and act. In addition, Hughes also follows what the minister asked him to do, even if he did not understand why he had to come up to the front and claim that he has seen the light and Jesus has come. Another theme of the essay is innocence. This is effectively described in the essay, wherein the author portrays his emotions that is characteristic of his age during the essay. The innocence of the author is well-expressed, which in turn shows that children have such young and inexperienced minds that they will literally believe anything they heard from adults. In addition, the essay also shows that children have high respect towards adults, as shown by what Hughes did when the minister asked him to come up to the front and claim that he has already seen Jesus. The essay shows then that children would do anything they are asked to do, regardless of their naivety regarding what they are about to do. The essay makes good use of symbols, which are appropriate in emphasizing the effect of metaphors in children. The use of the words â€Å"light† and â€Å"lamb† were crucial in projecting the effect of metaphors in the essay. The tone of the essay was calm and somewhat sad because it described how innocence and obedience can result in disillusionment and guilt in a young mind. The rhythm was fast, wherein the entire message and story were conveyed in approximately 10 paragraphs. The composition of the essay was simple yet straightforward, which was appropriate for a young teenager’s point of view. In Hughes’ writing entitled â€Å"Thank You, Ma’am,† he describes the story of Roger, a young teenager who tries to snatch a lady’s purse but fails to run away because he lost his balance. The story then describes that the lady, Mrs. Jones, was strong enough to drag Roger by the collar and bring him to her home. She tells Roger to wash his face, drink some hot cocoa, while she explains to Roger that he did not have to steal someone’s purse just for the simple reason of wanting a pair of blue suede shoes. Interestingly, Mrs. Jones gives Roger 10 dollars which he can use to buy a new pair of blue suede shoes for himself. The essay describes the transformation of a young mind from a stealer and runaway to a truthful and clean boy. The best part of the writing is that Roger has quickly learned to say â€Å"Thank you, Ma’am† to Mrs. Jones, yet he was still a bit timid that only the words â€Å"Thank you† were uttered as the door was quickly closed on his face. This writing is different from â€Å"Salvation† because it does not employ any type of symbolism, but mainly describes the juvenile experience of Roger as his wanting for a new pair of blue suede shoes worsened in time. The theme of the narration involved gratitude, because it teaches that an individual may get whatever he wants as long as he literally asks for it. The tone of the narration is both timid and angry, which expresses the feelings of Roger and Mrs. Jones, as culprit and victim, respectively. The rhythm of the writing is medium-paced, because it describes each blow or explanation from Mrs. Jones is well-spaced intervals that are spread out in the entire narration. The composition of the story is simple and expressive. It is amazing how two different personalities could be well illustrated in writing. The anger of Mrs. Jones from being a victim of purse burglary is effectively described, and at the same time the timidity and desperateness of Roger to find an easy way to get his pair of blue suede shoes is well portrayed. Reference Hughes L and Harper AS (ed. ) (1997): The short stories of Langston Hughes. San Francisco: Hill and Wang. 320 pages.

The Scale of the Post War Golden Age of Economic Growth Enjoyed

In your own words, outline the scale of the post war Golden Age of economic growth enjoyed by Western European nations. The Golden age of Economic growth occurred in the aftermath of World War two and continued until the mid 1970’s and led to the 1970’s recession. During this period of time the World economy expanded at never before seen levels, World output of manufactures quadrupled between 1950 and 1970 and at the same time trade in manufactures increased by 10 times the previous levels.Since then historians and economists have been attempting to explain the reasons for this unprecedented growth. Throughout this essay I am going to focus on the analysis of two particular economic historians Hobsbawn and Crafts. After World War two had ended the previously powerful Europe laid in tatters, France and Germany were virtually destroyed and Britain was near financial ruin. America emerged from World War two as the Largest and most powerful economy in the world and as such decided to aid the recovery of Europe.Clearly a strong Europe was better for America as a trading partner than a weak one. This resulted in America putting into effect the Marshall plan. It was a four year plan the began in April 1948 during this time America gave Europe $13 billion of aid roughly 5% of America’s GDP at the time. This clearly provided a much needed boost to a Europe that agriculture sector had been totally destroyed. Is this then the factor that enabled growth in western Europe.It was clearly a factor that aided growth but could it have been as Cradfts has suggested simply that Western Europe was playing ‘Catch-up’ with countries such as America. â€Å" This meant that growth had been below trend and the opportunity existed for rapid growth by correcting policy errors and repairing damaged economies. † The U. S. A was virtually untouched by WW2 certainly much less than Europe and this enabled rapid growth, once Europe had emerged from WW2, it was able to share in a technology boost that America had previously experienced and ultimately gain such high growth very quickly.

Discrimination An Understanding Of The Term Discrimination

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With the ability to recognise that historically certain groups of people with particular characteristics for example race, sexuality and religious beliefs have experienced direct discrimination. When picking up a national or local newspaper or turning on the television we see and hear examples of discrimination and oppression occurring. We can recognise some aspects of oppression but many are embedded into everyday existence and quite often go unnoticed. Where I currently work for example has no disabled access to our upstairs training room. This seriously puts an environmentalShow MoreRelatedEssay about Sex Discrimination 1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. 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