Rhetorical Analysis Of A Professional Document - 1667 Words

RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF A PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENT Introduction In reference to the 100A assignment sheet for the rhetorical analysis, a rhetorical analysis is a written work that focuses on analyzing and understanding a published article. In this assignment, students will get opportunities to develop their writing and improve deep analytic skills to identifying rhetorical strategies that writers will use to achieve the purpose of a well-written document. The audience for this analytical paper will be my classmates, professor, and the committee members of the 100A. To begin with, rhetorical strategies are techniques which writers use in their article to assert and persuade the audience about a specific point. These techniques can include narratives, descriptive, and cause and effect. Using these strategies, a writer is able to introduce the topic and provide examples in order to achieve their purpose, which could be a variety of different things. In the following rhetorical analysis, I will analyze â€Å"Cloud Computing for Increased Business Value† by Abdulaziz Alijabre. Alijabre received his Doctorate degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Bridgeford and is currently a CEO of System security solution company. Alijabre has written numerous articles and â€Å"Cloud Computing for Increased Business Value† was written in January 2012. This article gives a perception of how using cloud computing can be beneficial and yet create obstacles in business. TheShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : Oregon Fish And Wildlife Commission1072 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral For this Rhetorical Analysis assignment, I have reviewed two documents, one from John Vucetich, a Professor of Wildlife at Michigan Technical University and one from Adrian Treves, an Associate Professor of Environmental Studies at The University of Wisconsin. 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The Sexualization Of Female Youth - 1776 Words

Parents can contribute to the sexualization of their daughters as well. For instance, there are parents that purchase or allow their daughters to wear sexually provocative clothing. In addition, to allowing their daughters to wear sexually provocative clothing, some parents will pay for their daughter to get plastic surgery, some of which include breast augmentation and nose jobs. The APA states that in 2006 the American Society of Plastic Surgeons reported that they performed close to 80,000 surgeries on teenagers younger than 19 years of age, the previous year (15). One can only assume that the teenagers that get plastic surgery have their parents’ approval because insurance does not cover the costs of cosmetic surgery. However, the†¦show more content†¦Additionally, there are parents that enroll their toddler daughters in beauty pageants that encourage the young girls to act flirty to win votes. Breslin continues her article by referencing TLC network reality ser ies Toddlers and Tiaras. The reality series records young girls in beauty pageants wearing makeup, false eyelashes, and high heels while dressed to look like adult women. One episode features a young girl wearing fake breasts and padded rear-end to resemble like Dolly Parton. Meanwhile, her competitor is dressed to resemble the prostitute character from the movie Pretty Woman (Breslin 14). In her article, Christine Tamer discusses â€Å"glitz† beauty pageants from the US (87). According to Tamer, the popularity of the U.S. glitz beauty pageants and their potential to expand worldwide raises concerns among foreign countries because it could lead to pedophilia (87). Additionally, Tamer argues that there is evidence to suggest that parents are doing their children a disservice by putting them in beauty pageants (101). Lastly, Tamer claims that parents are risking the chance of causing both psychological and physical harm to their daughter(s) by allowing them to participate in beauty pageants (101). In conclusion, if parents continue to contribute to the sexualization of girls by purchasing provocative items for their daughters, paying for their daughters to get plastic surgery, and/or enrolling their daughters in beauty pageants parents are endangering

Perception On Starbucks Experience Economy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perception On Starbucks Experience Economy? Answer: Introduction Currently, every individual is involved in the purchasing and utilization procedure of the products and services in the market. The term consumer behavior can be defined as the actions taken by consumers who are engaged in the product purchasing or consuming in the market. It basically includes mental as well as physical procedures. In other words, consumer behavior can be described as the decisions of the customers like buying, utilization and dispose of the products or services offered by various companies. It is essential for the companies to recognize the behavior of the customers which is helpful in implementing various strategies to penetrate the market (Mooradian, Matzler Ring, 2012). Understanding consumer behavior is also helpful in solving the queries of the customers while purchasing the products. There are some factors affecting the buying behavior of the customers. Those factors are attitude, motivation, perception, lifestyle, learning and roles. These factors have sign ificant impact on the buying decisions of the customers (Schiffman, Kanuk Hansen, 2012). The objective of this report is to identify two factors of consumer behavior which impact the decision of the customers while purchasing the products or services. Along with this, objective of the report is to implement those individual factors in the selected company in order to enhance the marketing tactics. Company The objective of this report is to observe and examine the impact of various inner aspects of customers on the purchasing and utilization actions for the particular products and services. For the discussion in the report, well-known coffee manufacturing company Starbucks is selected. The report focuses how Starbucks uses internal factors of the customers in order to target them in the market. Starbucks identifies the consumer behavior factors for achieving high customer base in the operating market (Krikorian, 2014). In order to understand the thinking and perception of the customers, it is important to understand their buying behavior. Customers always have a choice while consuming coffee as they have option of selecting regular, large or extra large cup of coffee. Starbucks is famous coffee provider company in all over the world. This is largest coffee producing company in Australia also. The customers always enjoy high quality coffee products along with smoothing atmosphere of the company (Hajarrahmah, 2011). Product In the product range of Starbucks, company has quality coffee along with pastries and other confectionary products. Company has also introduced Trenta cup of coffee in order to provide more value and quality to the customers. Starbucks basically provides two types of products i.e. Coffee and Tea and Ready-to-drink. Along with this, company also provides fresh food including baked pastries, salads, sandwiches, fruit cups and yoghurt parfaits etc (Starbucks Corporation, 2017). Consumers This report analyzes the buying and consumption behavior of Australians towards coffee products provided by Starbucks. There are various psychological products which impact on the consumer decision making process i.e. understanding the needs of the customers, selecting various alternatives, making final decision for the products and services etc. The products of Starbucks in Australia will specifically target at young people. The target market is chosen according to current market situation in Australia including all the business experts in all over the region including youth. In terms of demographics, the target consumers for coffee related products would include young business people in the age group from 21 years to 40 years. In the whole working day, coffee is the basic need and by targeting young professionals, company will be able to achieve higher level of sales and growth. In the psychographic targeting, the target market will include those customers who prefer expresso coffee. Discussion and analysis: Motivation and consumer needs Motivation and customers need of the customers are related to each other. It is observed that individual has some needs in daily life. Customers have diverse and unique wants and requirements so, it is crucial for the companies to recognize the requirements of the consumers and satisfy them by the unique products and services. The motivation factor of consumer behavior can be described as the driving factor to satisfy the desires and requirements of the consumers by providing quality products. In simple words, motivation is the driven force that pushes the individuals to action. Motivation is the objective oriented behavior according to various theories. Various literatures have provided different theories and models of motivational process of individuals (D'Souza, 2010). Literature review It is well known that buying behavior of the customers push them towards the specific products and services in the market. Their inner motivational factors impact their behavior for the particular product or service. Motivation is the internal striving condition of the consumers including wishes, desires, needs and drives. Customers buy the products based on some economic or mental forces that can satisfy their wants and desires. There are many theories and models related to motivation that shows the role and importance of motivation in the consumer buying process. Most famous theory of motivation is Maslow Hierarchy of needs that is based on different motivation training exercises. There are different types of needs of each individual. Those needs of the customers are described below: Psychological and Biological needs- These are the basic needs of individuals including hunger, thirst, sleep etc. These are the essential needs of individuals and no other need has importance until these needs are not fulfilled. Under this need, clothes, foods and shelter are most important. Safety needs- Individuals needs protection for various hazards and this need comes under safety needs. People want safety from various accidents in terms of family stability and financial security. These needs are for financial and social rather than physical safety (Michael, 2013). Need for belongingness- This is the need to establish various relations in the society. This includes religious organizations, family associations and clubs. These needs are based on group acceptance, affiliation and identification. Esteem needs- self and esteem needs are the other needs of the society. Individual gets self-confidence while fulfilling these needs. Esteem needs are related to the feelings of accomplishment and usefulness. Self-actualization needs- This is the highest level of need of individual. The self-actualization need is related to identifying the potentials and attaining them. In other words, this need is related to achieving maximum needs by people in the society. There are more theories of motivation provided by more researchers that explains the relevance of motivation in the purchasing procedure of the customers. Those theories are Gestalt theory, cognitive theory and psychoanalytic theory. Based on the mentioned theories, customers with the motivation factor are capable to take proper decision about purchasing the products and services. Motivation is the kind of need which is crucial to satisfy the consumers by the desired product or service. The intensity of motivation impacts on the purchasing actions of the consumers. Motivation is directly linked with the various needs of the consumers. The buying motivation of the consumers is effective in enhancing the transactions and inspiring the consumers to buy the products and services. Application in company Motivation is the important factor in order to decide the market tactic for the particular product i.e. coffee at Starbucks. There are many consumers who are obviously inspired for drinking coffee and evaluating the charges of coffee with other companies. Each individual is affected or inspired by different perceptions. Consumers are inspired and motivated for drinking coffee because their relatives and friends are consuming coffee also. For the product of Starbucks i.e. Trenta Cup of coffee, effective marketing tactics have crucial role in the buying process of consumer based on attitude and motivation of the consumers (Ferrell Hartline, 2011). There is need of sense of urgency in the promotional actions with innovative coupons and discounts. Further, by providing offers and discounts to the customers, these types of programs allow the customers to use credit card of Starbucks so that they can avail cash back and redeem their reward points while purchasing coffee. By this tactic, c ustomers are motivated by Starbucks for drinking coffee by adding value and establishing strong relationship with the customers. Starbucks is aware about the impact of various external factors of Australia i.e. culture, demography and society. So, company is focusing on the inner factors of consumers i.e. motivation, perception and attitude. By the effective tactics and customer base expansion, Starbucks is trying to meet the expectations and requirements of the customers in the Australian market. In the customer purchasing or buying procedure, motivation is a helpful aspect in order to formulate a better strategy so that the actions of the customers can be understood in the market. Motivation is useful factor for Starbucks in introducing new products and new range of coffee for Australian consumers (Lindgreen, 2010). Motivational reason of customers selection for Starbucks Based on the theories of motivation, there are various reasons by which customer decide to purchase the specific product or service. Those motivations include branding, guest motivation, and common impact which force the consumers towards purchasing the products. There are several societal factors including family social classes, culture and reference group which decide the actions of Australian consumers for coffee products. Further, customers have perception that Starbucks is using green marketing (Dahlstron, 2010). Starbucks is operating at the international level having effective supply chain system in order to purchase fresh coffee. Along with this, Starbucks has adopted quality management by which it is able to enhance its quality performance, brand equity and effectiveness in the market (Burge, 2013). Customers buy coffee of Starbucks rather than its competitors as Starbucks is always successful in satisfying the customers by identifying their emotional needs. Customers always select to pay as premium because they are seeking for prestige product from the company. Starbucks always satisfy the customers by identifying their belongingness and self-esteem needs. Further, the stores of Starbucks always create a pleasant atmosphere that motivates the customers to buy the coffee. Discussion and analysis: Perception Next and important internal factor is consumer perception which impact on decision making process of the consumers while purchasing the products. The factor perception can be defined as the process by which consumers can evaluate the gathered information related to product or service. Perception is based on the point how the consumers perceive a particular product or service in the market. It is crucial for the companies to analyzing the perception of the customers while buying the products. Once, customers are aware about the needs and requirements then they start collecting relevant information related to product or service (Haenfler, Johnson Jones, 2012). Literature review Currently, customers are now conscious about the companies, information of stores and product by newspapers, publications and various new media. Based on the information of the products, they analyze the information and make the decision which is called perception. This is generally a procedure by which customer choose, collect and analyze the information and make a image of product based on their understandings. Buyers have different behaviors in the market for the products and services. Based on various definitions, it is observed that perception includes three important steps. Although, consumers collect various information related to desired products and services but few of them are helpful for the consumers to enhance the awareness about the products and services (Hornik Giulia, 2009). Many researchers have provided theories related to perception by which the role and importance of perception in the buying behavior is analyzed. Among the theories, cognitive theories of percepti on, and Gestalt theory of perception are helpful in analyzing the perception factor effectively. According to these theories, perception is the first impression of the products or services made by the consumers based on the information they have gathered for the products. That is the reason, perception impact on the satisfaction level of the consumers based on their buying decisions. There are three basic factors in the perception of the customers i.e. quality, prices and value (Tam, 2008). Perceived quality- Customers can have both positive as well as negative perception for the quality of the products or services. Quality of the products can be defined as the analysis of the supremacy and excellence of the particular product. Quality of the product can be analyzed by the physical characteristics of the product by the customers. National companies always produce the products with the help of sophisticated procedures and high level of technology and on the other hand, private companies use less technology while producing the products. So, differentiations in the products create different perception in the minds of the consumers. Marketers should understand the consumer perceptions and target them by product align and promotional tactics. Perceived prices- In terms of pricing factor of the products, customers also have various perceptions. Low income consumers are price conscious and they always switch towards the low cost products rather than selecting national brands. Further, some customers in the market are price seekers and they seek for low pricing products. For these types of consumers, buying exclusive product means getting high value in the society. Apart from this, there are some consumers who are connected with the low quality and low priced products. For such type of customers, high prices are the symbol of quality products. So, in the perceived prices, there is the price-quality relationship (Solano Arquiza, 2009). Perceived risk- Risk can be described as the doubt of the consumers while purchasing the products and services. The risk perception of the customers is a crucial factor that impact on the choices of the consumers in the market. Risk in the purchasing procedures can have bad perception in the mind of the customers. In order to minimize the impact of the risk, customers choose more expensive products. There are some risks perceived by the customer i.e. financial risk, social risk, functional risk and physical risk (Yusuf, Fatih Hayrettin, 2013). This figure shows the connection among the perceived price, perceived value, perceived quality and perceived risk. It is observed that price, excellence and worth are connected in the positive manner and risk is connected in the negative manner. Higher perception for the price level is the symbol of low perceived risk with high perceived value. Further, high perceived risk is created due to low perception of price and quality. On the other hand, high perception of worth and price has good influences on the value of the product perceived by the customers. Lower perception of quality and price are the symbol of higher perceived risk. Customers who are perceiving the prices high, then product will get enhanced worth in the market (Kazmi, 2012). Application in company Perception is the important part that impact on the buying behavior of the consumers. People experience different sensations like taste, sound, texture and sight and based on those experiences, customers select their products. In case of Starbucks, the promotion tactics are associated to ecological aspects which are the cause of the success of Starbucks in the international market. There are various allocation mediums of Starbucks in order to serve the customers. Company has very flexible marketing plan including effective tactics in order to meet the expectations of the consumers. The stores of the company have the combination of culture and pleasant atmosphere for the customers. Starbucks provides consistent quality in the products. The perception of the customers is influenced by the demography, financial systems and exclusive civilization under the environmental features (Schultz Gordon, 2012). Perception of customers for Starbucks Coffee In the decision making process of the consumers, there are some steps i.e. data exploring, recognition, recognition of substitutes, and buying and after buying activities. The consumers of Starbucks focus on the information search about the products. For Australians, coffee of Starbucks is like a daybreak pleasure. There are various loyal customers of Starbucks who select the brand and quality of coffee. Starbucks is known as the best coffee source because of most convenient location for the customers (Stvkov, Prudilov, Toufarov Nagyov, 2007). The procedure of decision making of the customers for Starbucks is described below: Need recognition- In Starbucks, need recognition of coffee includes as the famous coffee manufacturing company. When satisfying the needs of the consumers, coffee is the effective product of customers think about the coffee when it comes to satisfy the needs of the consumers. For the company, the need of the customers is the coffee in order to stay energetic while working so they buy coffee in middle of the day. Information search- Customers always search for information regarding products while buying the products. So, they always try to collect the information from the external sources i.e. searching from the internet, blogs, news and asking to family or friends. These all are way of non-controlled information. Further, customers are targeted by various advertisements so; Starbucks has done advertisements on various media tools i.e. TV, internet and newspaper. Its green logo on the cup of coffee is one of the effective tactics to target the customers. Evaluation of alternative of substitute- Various customers analyze and evaluate the purchases based on various attributes of the products i.e. taste of coffee, customer services, varieties, brand rating, environment and suitable. Sometimes, they analyze the products with the taste as taste of the coffee is the important characteristics which are chosen by the consumers (Semejin, Van Ambrosini, 2004). Purchase decision- In the product selection procedure, observation and opinion is the crucial feature for the customers. In such manner, the behavior of the employees impact on the customers and their decision making process. Starbucks has modeling strategy in order outline the perception in order to achieve growth in the international market. Post purchase decision- The post purchasing behavior is also most crucial procedure in order to make the consumer devoted and trustworthy and then they purchase the products continuously. Starbucks is providing reason to the consumers buy the coffee. If they are not pleased with the offered coffee then they are able to offer another drink with the coupon for free one. Starbucks has best customer services in order to provide unique experience to the customers. Decision making process From the above discussion, it is observed that internal factors have strong impact on the buying or purchasing process of the customers in the market. Consumer behavior includes selection procedure of the consumers including buying, utilization and disposition of the products and services. The internal factors i.e. motivation and perception are important in order to drive the customers to satisfy their needs and wants by purchasing the desired products. Motivation is the inner driving condition of the customers that can be defined as the desires. Currently, consumers are becoming more aware about the products by using newspapers, magazines and various media tools. There are various theories or motivations i.e. Maslow hierarchy theory, and cognitive theory that describe role of motivation in the decision making process of the customers. Based on the gathered information about the company and product, the interpreted data is called perception. In Starbucks, customers are motivated by p roviding various offers and discounts (Michael, 2013). Further, Starbucks has adopted various strategies in order to create positive perception among the customers as the company knows that consumers are conscious about each product due to available information on various media platforms. Company understands the desires and requirements of the customers in order to gratify them. There are various important theories related to perception i.e. Gestalt theory of perception that is useful in consideration the role of perception in the buying behavior of the consumers. Quality coffee products are the strong point of Starbucks and customers perceive coffee of Starbucks as best over the competitors. Recommendations Although Starbucks is perceived as the topmost company providing good taste of coffee but it is crucial to enhance the consumer base by the company in the market. In order to ensure the satisfaction level of the customers, company must be engaged in gathering the opinions of the customers. While considering the marketing mix, Starbucks should focus on three key marketing mix factors i.e. product, price and promotion. The strategy of product should be in such manner that should satisfy the targeted customers. In respect to the coffee business in Australia, company should introduce various seasonal offerings by identifying the needs of the customers. Going beyond, the company can also offer coffee as well as cappuccino makers intended for the users. For the quality management and brand richness, the employees of the company must be involved in the aims and objectives of the business. Apart from the product strategy, pricing strategy is also crucial for the company. Starbucks generally keeps the prices of the products high. The products are highly expensive and the price charged per coffee is $30. But, in order to target more customers, company should charge premium prices to the customers. The strategy of charging premium prices will create felling among the customers that coffee products offered by the company have higher quality levels (Cadogan, 2009). Promotion of the products or services is important as it allows the company to create enough awareness among the potential customers related to product offering. In the promotional strategies, Starbucks can issue some coupons to the visitors for the first time and discount can be provided in their next visit by 10 to 20%. Celebrity endorsement can also be performed related to new product catagories. The online mode of promotion of promoting the products should also be performed. Conclusion Based on overall discussion, it is analyzed that consumer behavior is important concept for the companies in order to operate the business in various markets. It is observed that consumer behavior is an important part of marketing. It is influenced by various aspects like personality, perception, attitude, motivation, lifestyle and behavior of the customers. They always select those products that match their values and lifestyles. So, individuals can make choice for specific brand based on their lifestyles. The report identifies two factors i.e. perception and motivation of consumers affecting their buying behavior. It is analyzed that Motivation is the kind of need which is crucial to satisfy the consumers by the desired product or service. The level of motivation impacts on the buying behavior of the consumers. Further, perception is the first impression of the products or services made by the consumers based on the information they have gathered for the products. References Burge, S. A. (2013). The Motivational Reasons behind Consumer Choice in Branded Coffee Shops. Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/issues/bcur2013specialissue/burge/ Cadogan, J. (2009). Marketing strategy. London: SAGE Dahlstron, R. (2010). Green Marketing Management. South-Western College Publishing: New Jersey. D'Souza, W. (2010). Motivation. Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://consumerbehaviour4vtu.blogspot.in/2009/03/motivation.html Ferrell, O. Hartline, M. (2011). Marketing management strategies. New York: South-Western Haenfler, R., Johnson, B., Jones, E., (2012). Lifestyle movements: exploring the intersection of lifestyle and social movements: Social Movement Studies. 11. 120. Hajarrahmah, D. (2011). The American Image of Starbucks Coffee as Perceived by Its Consumers: Case Study: Starbucks Coffee Paragon Mall Semaran. Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://eprints.undip.ac.id/31277/2/The_American_Image_of_Starbucks_Coffee.pdf Hornik J. and Giulia, M. (2009). Synchrony Effects on Customers Responses and Behaviors: International Journal of Research in Marketing. 26(1). 3440. Kazmi, S. Q. (2012). Consumer Perception and Buying Decisions: International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology. 1(6). Krikorian, M. (2014). Business overview: Why Starbucks deserves your attention. Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://marketrealist.com/2014/01/business-overview-starbucks-deserves-attention/ Lindgreen, A. (2010). Market orientation. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower Michael R. S. (2013). Consumer Behavior: Buying, having and being. (10th). USA: Pearson Education Mooradian, T., Matzler, K. Ring, L. (2012). Strategic marketing. Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall Schiffman, Kanuk Hansen. (2012). Consumer Behaviour: A European outlook. USA: St .Johns University, Newyork Schultz, H. Gordon, J. (2012). Onward: How Starbucks Fought for Its Life without Losing Its Soul. California: Rodale Books Semejin, J.,Van, R. Ambrosini, A.B. (2004). Consumer evaluations of store brands: effect of store image and product attributes: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service. 11. pp 247-248 Solano Arquiza, M. P. (2009). Consumers' perception on Starbucks' experience economy: a case analysis. Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://dspace.cas.upm.edu.ph/xmlui/handle/123456789/361 Starbucks Corporation. (2017). Starbucks Coffee.Retrieved on 22nd January 2018 from https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/mission-statement Stvkov J., Prudilov H., Toufarov Z., Nagyov L., (2007). Factors influencing the consumer behaviour when buying food: Agricultural Economics Czech. 53 (7). 276284. Yusuf, A., Fatih, G., Hayrettin, Z. (2013). Examining Perceived Risk and Its Influence on Attitudes: A Study. 9(4)

Rand McNally Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

There is one major job that Rand McNally faced back in the 1990s. This job was to calculate out how to get the better of their mentality of merely being a printed map company. They had a clump of employees of the older coevals that did non truly understand the technological. or Internet age. GeoSystems. better known now as MapQuest had already sprung themselves into the web based maps. It seemed that Rand McNally was truly missing in invention to be able to do their leap into a web based merchandise. They set up a web site in 1994 to back up its customers’ usage of the map Cadmiums it produced. If they did non happen a manner to introduce and convey new thoughts to the tabular array. Rand McNally would go non-existent. The first great action I believe Rand McNally’s new investors took was to name Richard J. Davis in 1999. We will write a custom essay sample on Rand McNally Case Study Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He already had 25 old ages of experience in direction with companies that specialized in high tech equipment. He besides had seven old ages of experience with one of Rand McNally’s biggest rivals. GeoSystems. He decidedly should hold known GeoSystem’s scheme indoors and out. I believe this helped Rand McNally update their ain tech based maps to be able to vie in an of all time altering market. Davis hired Chris Heivly to run the RandMcNally. com web site. Heivly instantly put maps and address-to-address drive waies online. This was considered a really hazardous move by the old direction that Rand McNally was under. Heivly saw it as an indispensable move to remain in the function concern. Rand McNally so decided that travellers needed to convey online route maps with them. Detailed drive instructions and route conditions were indispensable to make the best and safest manner to go a path. At this clip there was non a batch of radio devices that could have this sort of in formation. But as we all know. this type of service is about a must for any traveller. Maps. waies. and traffic updates are in about every auto for most people driving in today’s universe. One major manner that Davis tried to increase Rand McNally’s grosss were by going really personable with his employees. He tried to do them experience like it was their company and anything they did was assisting themselves out excessively. I believe a director in any concern must be personable and be able to speak to his employees openly. Davis did this by selling what he believed the company’s hereafter would be to the employees. When he began talking to each employee. the quaint employees became enraged with his attack to the company. They believed that Davis was passing to much money on the Internet attack. and would finally discontinue because of it. Davis had to replace much of his direction squad that did non hold with where he envisioned Rand McNally’s hereafter to be traveling. Geting a new group of direction employees in there might hold saved the company. They had a fresh set of thoughts and embraced the fact that the map concern was altering from pape r to Internet. Technology played a immense function in this instance overall. The first manner engineering played a immense function was when Rand McNally started to lose market portion because they were merely focused on the paper side and non on Internet gross revenues. The other manner that engineering played a function was when Rand McNally wanted to utilize engineering that was non created yet. This was wireless travel services. This was non developed until a ulterior clip. which meant no company had achieved a lead in this industry. Almost all of Rand McNally’s services run through their web site now. Customers can buy paper maps or other merchandises right off the web site. This is the present and hereafter of about every concern in our universe today. The first major theory that we discussed in category that is besides related to this instance is giving free samples of the merchandise. This worked in the incorrect manner for Rand McNally because they chose non to give free maps to consumers. GeoSystems was smart and chose to really give away their services. which in bend created a bombilation among the community. This sky rocketed their gross revenues doing it much harder for Rand McNally to acquire into the on-line map concern. GeoSystems had 1000000s of viewing audiences every month on their web site. doing them a good known company. They truly were the first 1s to acquire their maps online and heterosexual to the consumers in the easiest manner possible. Bing able to accommodate and introduce to new ways of acquiring your merchandise to the consumer is what concern is all about these yearss. Normally the first company to calculate out the following best manner to use a merchandise will come out on top. The following major theory that most companies utilize is called the client lock-in theory. This is where a company offers something like a trueness plan to seek and acquire the client to remain with them for a long period of clip. Rand McNally offered this on their web site to clients seeking to look at maps. The plan was developed so that clients would acquire charged a fee for limitless entree to the web site. This included acquiring waies. looking up certain locations. and even price reductions on some other merchandises. This increased gross enormously for Rand McNally and truly kick started their web site concern. which is still really good today. As of today. Rand McNally has a really user friendly web site that allows you to buy merchandises. map out trips. expression at the company profile. reach a representative. and many more ways to utilize their merchandises. It seems like they have truly grasped how to run an online concern. while still being able to sell paper maps to older people that want them. As the times evolve they will necessitate to introduce merely like they did with the Internet age. I truly do believe that Rand McNally took the right attack in seeking to acquire in front of the competition. They were already a good known trade name in the paper map concern. They merely had to set up themselves in the on-line map concern. which was much easier because of their earlier success.

Agatha Christie - Author of 82 Detective Novels

Agatha Christie - Author of 82 Detective Novels Agatha Christie was one of the most successful crime novelists and playwrights of the 20th century. Her lifelong shyness led her to the literary world where she conjured up detective fiction with endearing characters, including the world-famous detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. Not only did Christie write 82 detective novels, but she also wrote an autobiography, a series of six romance novels (under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott), and 19 plays, including The Mousetrap, the world’s longest running theatrical play in London. More than 30 of her murder mystery novels have been made into motion pictures, including Witness for the Prosecution (1957), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and Death on the Nile (1978). Dates: September 15, 1890 – January 12, 1976 Also Known As: Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller; Dame Agatha Christie; Mary Westmacott (pseudonym); Queen of Crime Growing Up On September 15, 1890, Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born the daughter of Frederick Miller and Clara Miller (nà ©e Boehmer) in the seaside resort town of Torquay, England. Frederick, an easy going, independently wealthy American stockbroker, and Clara, an Englishwoman, raised their three children Margaret, Monty, and Agatha in an Italian-style stucco mansion complete with servants. Agatha was educated in her happy, peaceful home via a mixture of tutors and â€Å"Nursie,† her nanny. Agatha was an avid reader, especially Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes series. She and her friends enjoyed acting out gloomy stories where everyone died, which Agatha wrote herself. She played croquet and took piano lessons; however, her extreme shyness kept her from publicly performing. In 1901, when Agatha was 11, her father died of a heart attack. Frederick had made some bad investments, leaving his family financially unprepared for his untimely death. Although Clara was able to keep their home since the mortgage was paid, she was forced to make several household cuts, including the staff. Rather than home tutors, Agatha went to Miss Guyer’s School in Torquay; Monty joined the army; and Margaret married. For high school, Agatha went to a finishing school in Paris where her mother hoped her daughter would become an opera singer. Although good at singing, Agatha’s stage fright once again prevented her from publicly performing. After her graduation, she and her mother traveled to Egypt, which would inspire her writing. Becoming Agatha Christie, Crime Writer In 1914, the sweet, shy, 24-year-old Agatha met 25-year-old Archibald Christie, an aviator, who was in complete contrast to her personality. The couple married December 24, 1914, and Agatha Miller became Agatha Christie. A member of the royal Flying Corps during World War I, daring Archibald returned to his unit the day after Christmas, while Agatha Christie became a volunteer nurse for the ill and injured of the war, many of whom were Belgians. In 1915, she became a hospital-dispensing pharmacist, which gave her an education in poisons. In 1916, Agatha Christie wrote a death-by-poison murder mystery in her spare time, mostly due to her sister Margaret challenging her to do so. Christie titled the novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles and introduced a Belgian inspector she invented named Hercule Poirot (a character who would appear in 33 of her novels). Christie and her husband were reunited after the war and lived in London where Archibald received a job with the Air Ministry in 1918. Their daughter Rosalind was born on August 5, 1919. Six publishers turned down Christie’s novel before John Lane in the US published it in 1920 and subsequently published by Bodley Head in the UK in 1921. Christie’s second book,  The Secret Adversary, was published in 1922. That same year, Christie and Archibald set sail on a voyage to South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and Canada as part of the British trade mission. Rosalind stayed behind with her aunt Margaret for ten months. Agatha Christie’s Personal Mystery By 1924, Agatha Christie had published six novels. After Christie’s mother died of bronchitis in 1926, Archibald, who was having an affair, asked Christie for a divorce. Christie left her home on December 3, 1926; her car was found abandoned and Christie was missing. Archibald was immediately suspected. After a police hunt for 11 days, Christie turned up at the Harrogate Hotel, using a name patterned after Archibald’s mistress, and saying she had amnesia. Some suspected that she actually had a nervous breakdown, others suspected that she wanted to upset her husband, and the police suspected that she wanted to sell more books. Archibald and Christie divorced April 1, 1928. Needing to get away, Agatha Christie boarded the Orient Express in 1930 from France to the Middle East. On tour at a dig site in Ur she met an archaeologist named Max Mallowan, a big fan of hers. Fourteen years his senior, Christie enjoyed his company, finding out that they both worked in the business of uncovering â€Å"clues.† After they married on September 11, 1930, Christie often accompanied him, living and writing from Mallowan’s archeological sites, further inspiring her novels’ settings. The couple remained happily married for 45 years, until Agatha Christie’s death. Agatha Christie, the Playwright In October 1941, Agatha Christie wrote a play titled Black Coffee. After writing several more plays, Christie wrote The Mousetrap in July 1951 for Queen Mary’s 80th birthday; the play became the longest continuously running play in the West End of London, since 1952. Christie received the Edgar Grand Master Award in 1955. In 1957, when Christie became ill living at the archaeological digs, Mallowan decided to retire from Nimrud in northern Iraq. The couple returned to England where they busied themselves with writing projects. In 1968, Mallowan was knighted for his contributions to archaeology. In 1971, Christie was appointed Dame Commander of the British Empire, the equivalent of knighthood, for her services to literature. Death of Agatha Christie On January 12, 1976, Agatha Christie died at home in Oxfordshire at the age of 85 of natural causes. Her body was interred at Cholsey Churchyard, Cholsey, Oxfordshire, England. Her autobiography was published posthumously in 1977.

10 Grammatical Mistakes You Can Avoid When Speaking Spanish

10 Grammatical Mistakes You Can Avoid When Speaking Spanish Unless youre something other than human, theres no way to learn and use a foreign language without making your share of mistakes- and getting caught at it. With expectations that you would rather learn of your mistakes in the privacy of your home rather than being corrected, here are 10 fairly common Spanish grammatical errors, grouped in no particular order, that you should try to avoid. Key Takeaways Remember that Spanish and English, despite their similarities, dont always structure sentences in the same way.Short words- including prepositions- are more likely to trip you up than long ones.Mistakes are inevitable- just do your best, and native Spanish speakers are likely to appreciate your effort. Using Unnecessary Words Using buscar para instead of buscar to mean to look for. Buscar is best translated to seek, which like buscar is not followed by a preposition. Correct: Busco los dos libros. (I am looking for the two books.)Using un otro or una otra to mean another. The indefinite article isnt needed in Spanish. Neither is one needed before cierto, which can mean a certain. Correct: Quiero otro libro. (I want another book.) Quiero cierto libro. (I want a certain book.)Using un or una when stating someones occupation. The corresponding word, a or an, is required in English but not used in Spanish. Correct: No soy marinero, soy capitn. (I am not a mariner, I am a captain.)Wrongly using days of the week. Days of the week are usually used with the definite article (singular el or plural los), and it isnt necessary to say that an event happens on a certain day. Correct: Trabajo los lunes. (I work on Mondays.) Errors With Prepositions Ending a sentence in a preposition. Although some purists object, its quite common to end sentences in English with prepositions. But its a no-no in Spanish, so youll need to recast the sentence to make sure the prepositions object comes after the preposition. Correct:  ¿Con quià ©n puedo comer? (Whom can I eat with?)Using the wrong preposition. The prepositions of English and Spanish dont have one-to-one correspondence. Thus a simple preposition such as in in English might be translated not only as en but also as de (as in de la maà ±ana for in the morning), which typically is translated as of or from. Learning proper usage of prepositions can be one of the most challenging aspects of learning Spanish grammar. A lesson in prepositions is beyond the scope of this article, although you can study some of them here. Correct: Le compraron la casa a mi padre. (They bought the house from my father, or, depending on the context, they bought the house for my father) Es malo con su espos a. (He is mean to his wife.) Mi coche chocà ³ con su bicicleta. (My car ran into his bicycle.) Se vistià ³ de verde. (He dressed in green.) Other Grammatical Errors Wrongly using quien in relative clauses to mean who. In English, we say the car that runs but the boy who runs. In Spanish, we usually use que to mean both that and who. There are a few instances, beyond the scope of this lesson, in which quien can be used to mean who, but in many of them que can also be used, so que is usually the safer choice. Correct: Mi hija es alumna que estudia mucho. (My daughter is a student who studies a lot.)Forgetting to make the cientos portion of numbers feminine when required. We say cuatrocientos treinta y dos to say 432 to refer to a masculine noun but cuatrocientas treinta y dos when referring to a feminine noun. The distinction is easy to forget because of the distance between the number and the noun being referred to. Correct: Tengo quinientas diecisà ©is gallinas. (I have 516 hens.)Using possessive adjectives when referring to body parts and articles of clothing. In English, we usually refer to a persons body parts or clothing using possessive ad jectives. But in Spanish, the definite article (el or la) is used when the person to whom the body part or item belongs to is obvious. Correct:  ¡Abre los ojos! (Open your eyes!) El hombre se puso la camisa. (The man put on his shirt.) Avoiding those redundancies that are required in Spanish but would be incorrect in English. As noted in this lesson, a redundant indirect object is sometimes required, and as this lesson points out, double (or even triple!) negatives are sometimes needed. Correct: Juan le da una camisa a à ©l. (John is giving a shirt to him.) No dijo nada. (He said nothing.)

No Smoking Ban and Constitutional Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

No Smoking Ban and Constitutional Rights - Essay Example ate Health & Welfare Department because of her being a smoker notwithstanding the fact that she is well qualified for the position she was applying for. The refusal of the said department to hire her was because of the law enacted by the State that no employees shall be hired as state employees; (2) The issues involved must be riped for adjudication (Warth vs. Seldin, 1975). That is, the questioned law must have effected an adverse effect on the person challenging it that there it has warrant the intervention of the judiciary; (3) The plaintiff must have a legal standing. This is when the plaintiff has a personal and substantial interest in the current case such that he has sustained direct or actual injury due to the enforcement of the subject law, that there is a sufficient connection between the action of the government and the injury sustained by the plaintiff or that the plaintiff does not bring the case for general purpose or to represent a third party (Flast vs. Cohen, 1968). Clearly, Candice suffered injury for being rejected to become a state employee despite her qualifications; and (4) The question of Constitutionality must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity or it must pass mootness test (The Free Dictionary; Warth vs. Seldin, 1975). If the case shows that the issues involved are only hypothetical or dead, the court will preclude itself from addressing the issues since the â€Å"alleged injury† is no longer or has never existed. In the instant case, should the case has been brought right after Candice was rejected to become a state employee and while she is still a smoker, the case can be considered to have been brought in time and therefore meets the last requisite. In this instance, all the requisites before a court may review a law and declare it to be unconstitutional or in violation of a fundamental right are present in the case at hand. Moreover, the test used was appropriate since the case questions the validity of a law and the test was

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 60

Assignment Example people are satisfied and contented with what they have at present and the concepts of working hard and acquiring more is no longer a driver to progress. Where as the dynamics of Chinese society is highly progressive and competitive, where individuals wants to have more in less time and they work hard for that. This demanding attitude for more work of china as a nation makes it prime target for investment and hence becomes the economy and growth successful. The second and most important reason for its exponential expansion in future is the improved qualification of its workforce. The rapid increase in the enrolment of students in all types of educational institutions such as 100% enrolment in high school and 50 % in colleges shows that soon in future these educated work forces will replace the former illiterate labour. This transition will take place in almost every sector, therefore substantially increasing the productivity of the

Goal Essay Example for Free

Goal Essay â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world† (Nelson Mandela) what are my intension to come to college? Nowadays, medical assistant is rapidly increasing. I’m attending college to earn my Associate degree in Medical Assistant. Before attending college, I’ve had too many problems such as the grammar problems and writing in the English forms. I realized that I wasn’t going to get far without education. With my familys support and advises, I decided to go on further with my education to have a better future and a long time career working as a medical assistant. This year, I am enrolled at Kauai Community College since the fall 2012 semester. When I started college, I was majoring Liberal Arts because Im still undecided what career I wanted to pursue in. November 2012, after talking to my counselor I was able to choose what Im pursuing; I choose medical assistant. Their are couple reasons why I choose medical assistant. One reason is that I have the passion to work with other people. And the other reason is that I have a single mother who supported me since I was born and I want to find a career that would pay enough to support me and my family. Receiving my associate degree and becoming a medical assistant will improve my life. I am 18 years old, employed at brick oven (Kalaheo), and still living with my parents. In the past I made a lot of bad choices that made my mother disappointment. Accomplishing my educational goals and pursuing in the medical field will make my family and my mother proud, and it will also help me live independently. My estimated date of graduating the medical field is spring 2015, in order for me to complete my goal; I will set up a meeting with my counselor to organize what I should take each semester. By doing this, so I would know what to expect and not to overload my schedule. Other things that will also help me to achieve my goal is to attend class regularly, take notes, turn in all assignments on time, and do not procrastinate. In conclusion, my purpose for being in college is to have a better future and be able to live independently and support my family.

Measuring Random Appraisal Error in Commercial Real Estate :: essays research papers

Recent empirical studies imply that most appraisal error is nonrandom, which suggests that strategies that advocate portfolio assembly over individual property selection may be defective. Each step of the appraisal process involves an unknown amount of estimation error. The combination of these errors is unlikely to produce a perfect, error-free estimate of value. Thus, appraisal error is virtually unavoidable. Investors need reasonable estimates of value when buying, selling, or retaining commercial property, so an unknown amount of appraisal error adds uncertainty to the decision-making process. Despite the uncertainty, investors have learned to make allowances for appraisal error in their decision-making processes. The way in which real estate investors interpret appraisal errors has a material effect upon the decisions that they make. In particular, the predominant belief among real estate professionals is that appraisal error is random. This belief materially influences investor attitudes toward portfolio management and the valuation process itself. Lack of understanding of the relative magnitudes of random and nonrandom components of total appraisal error has co nsequences for optimal portfolio strategies. For example, investors who deem the bulk of total appraisal error to be random may reasonably conclude that error in estimates is beyond their control or influence. To minimize total portfolio valuation error, such investors may assemble large, diverse portfolios even though the cost of owning an array of properties of various types and in various locations is expensive. On the other hand, if the bulk of total appraisal error is nonrandom, investors would do better to pay attention to improving value estimates on each property rather than hoping that the errors in values of a large pool of properties will offset one another. In particular, investors should institute valuation controls and procedures to minimize the errors in each valuation of individual portfolio assets. Such controls might include obtaining multiple simultaneous estimates, changing appraisers for each periodic revaluation, or increasing the frequency of valuations. This conclusion becomes particularly significant in light of studies like Miles that determine that the typical magnitude of total appraisal error is about ten percent of appraised value. Information in three recent empirical studies provides evidence that previous appraisal research has been mistaken in assuming most appraisal error to be random. The demonstration that most appraisal error is nonrandom should encourage real estate investors to focus additional attention on individual asset selection and valuation at the expense of portfolio assembly. Estimates of Total Appraisal Error

The Effects of Watching a Horror Movie

Over the span of modern history, we have seen the film industry help mold our society in many ways. Over the past two decades, I have seen the Sci-fi horror movies take center stage to entertain us. I will explain in this essay my past experiences, feelings, responses, and fantasies while watching horror movies. My first horror movie, â€Å"Friday the 13th†, was at the very least a suspenseful movie that kept me on the edge of my seat. The main character in the story, Jason, could be seen wearing a dark jumpsuit with a white face mask and usually carried a machete in his hand. He was readily available at any turn to chase teenagers and kill them with his weapon with no remorse. Being a teenager myself, I would often wonder why I chose this movie because his victims were teenagers as well and I suppose that had an effect on me subconsciously. Insanely enough, I continued on watching all of the Friday the 13th movies, as well as other horror movies in the years to come. Although I was a teenager watching this particular movie, I was usually alone†¦. in the dark. Some say I was insane to attempt to watch a movie of that nature alone at my age. Others say it was a great idea and added to the suspense. I will have to admit, when I was growing up, I did not scare easily but the effect it had on me at the moment was a little frightening. While watching the movie alone, I felt like Jason was chasing me and that was very un-nerving. The music that was played in the prelude to each murder really did scare me profoundly. I remember shouting at the television, â€Å"Run Faster† or â€Å"Be Quiet†. I had to hug my pillow for security reasons. I can hear the music playing in my head now. Even years later, I can still remember it vividly. Insanity can be a part of us all. The following may help to prove this theory. I remember my response and feelings after the movie ended. I was intrigued and fascinated and was left wanting more. I didn’t want the movie to end because the dramatic effects and suspense left me wondering what was next. I didn’t like seeing the bloody murders but it fully entertained me throughout the movie without a dull moment. I couldn’t imagine these events happening in real life. I would briefly fantisize about playing a part in one of the murder scenes. I believe that I could run faster than they did to get away from that killing monster. What about the random teenagers that just couldn’t stop breathing hard and whimpering just before Jason found them. Some questions that entered my mind was, now that I have watched this scary movie, will I have nightmares to follow? Could this actually happen to me? Is there someone crazy enough to commit such heinous crimes? I remember thinking that if I were them, I would definitely have more self-control, but I was so scared that I was biting my tongue and clinching my fists. While watching the movie, I was so involved that I imagined what my decisions would realistically be if I were going through the same thing. Would I try to fight back? Would I pass out from being fearful? I’m glad that I don’t have to worry about those things happening to me because; after all it was just a movie.

Essay Event Proposal

I. Title and Theme of Description A masquerade ball party is an event which the attendees are all in elegant dress wearing a mask. The title of our event is unmasking breast cancer. The theme will be masquerade ball. Our fantastic masquerade themed party nights will bring a scene of intrigue and illusion. This theme would create a memorable and terrific atmosphere. II. Event Objectives As mentioned above, our event theme and title is involved around breast cancer.This event revolves around raising awareness of breast cancer issue, but also, to create awareness for young students and informing them about how to prevent themselves. This event is an ideal charity event with a women’s health focus, and has a purpose for fundraising and supporting breast cancer charity which comforts the needs of people who are suffering from or who have already been affected by breast cancer III. Event location The venue will be at Globull club in Bulle (Switzerland) which is fantastic for holding a masquerade ball.The maximum capacity is 150 people. As we are aiming for 150 attendees for a best budget scenario, Globull is huge enough to meet our needs. This place is also idealistic for young students living in Bulle to come as it is located 15minutes away by walk from the city center. Above all, facilities and environment needed for a party including projectors, lights and sound system are perfectly equipped. IV. Event Design All attendees would wear a mask upon entering on the venue.The night would be simple and elegant just indicating the time and place along with a map which indicates that they should be wearing their most fancy dresses and tuxedos. In the entrance hall, there will also be a giant mask stand showing the Masquerade theme with which the guests could be able to take pictures. Light purple and pale pink colors will be displayed throughout the function hall along with drapes on ceiling. The tables will have simple white linens.There will also be with a fabulo us pink floral decoration representing breast cancer symbol and candle on the table. All attendees will surely enjoy this charity party. Set-up V. Information on sector Our main audiences are going to be students and faculties from Glion Institute of Higher Education located in Bulle. They are keen to parties in their life apart from study and want to be engaged in social mingling. Key Facts Total Students on Bulle campus (Undergraduate+Post Graduate+MBA) 683 (age ranges from 17 to around33)Number of faculty members 50 Students male/ female ratio 48/52 VI. Food & Beverage Food will be small treats with fabulous designs but not in a finger food style. Below menu is basically provided by Le Buro and be catered to Globull. As our event theme’s main colors are pink and purple, we specially organized our customized food( pink cookies, sweets, pink themed cupcakes) together for attendees. Menu Drinks Minerals: Orange juice, coke, classic water, sparkling water A glass of beer: spec ial Cardinal Wines: Red wine (Brands to be defined)White wine (Brands to be defined) Treats Plate with variety of cheese and bread Plate with variety of meat and bread Mini Jar of beef tart Mini Jar of Salmon tart Mini Jar of Shrimps Mini Jar of Gaspacho Mini ham croissant Mini lemon tart Mousse of wildberry Customized food for Attendees VII. Entertainment Program -Arriving of Guests -Welcome Remarks (By the Host) -Guest speaker speech -watch a clip about breast cancer -Dancing show by volunteer students -Time to party and Dance by DJ music -Final words from the host

Free eBook †100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid

Free eBook – 100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid Free eBook 100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid Free eBook 100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid By Daniel Scocco One of the fastest ways to improve your writing skills is to free yourself from the most common English mistakes: things like exchanging less with fewer, misspelling its as its, or placing commas where they are not supposed to be. Thinking about this, a couple of months ago I had an idea: what if we could write an ebook with a compilation of the 100 most common writing mistakes of the English language? An ebook containing spelling, grammar, usage and punctuation mistakes, which would work as a quick guide for writers in a hurry who want to avoid such mistakes. I asked Maeve (our editor) what she thought about the idea, and whether or not she would be interested in writing such an ebook. She liked it and started working on the manuscript immediately. After many rounds of revisions and formatting, we are finally glad to announce that our first ebook is available! The title is: 100 Writing Mistakes to Avoid: A practical guide to 100 common mistakes of spelling, usage, grammar, and punctuation. Subscribe below to receive a download link via email What Is Inside The eBook The ebook has 45 pages and four main sections: Spelling, Grammar, Usage and Punctuation Mistakes. Each mistake comes with correct/incorrect examples, as well as with a brief explanation. Here is a sample page from the book: About The Author Born in Chicago, Maeve has lived, studied, and taught English in the United States, France, and the U.K. Her educational qualifications include a B.A. (Hons) in English from the University of London, and a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. She is also a published author of both fiction and non-fiction. Here Is What People Are Saying About It Thirty minutes after I got this book I looked up from my screen, a smile of intense satisfaction playing around my lips. It is not every day that one encounters gold nuggets, something this book truly is. (Fredrick Nwonwu) When you’ve been writing for as long as I have (my first piece was published in 1958 when I won a national Sunday school magazine short story contest), there is a dangerous tendency to think you know all you need to know, and it’s only necessary to come up with brilliant ideas. Well, just when you think you know it all someone comes along to pull you back jerkily to reality. 100 Writing Mistakes to Avoid, by Maeve Maddox, is only 45 pages long, but like the proverbial ant in the elephant’s ear, it can have a disproportionate impact on the quality of your writing. (Charles Ray) Unlike other English grammar books, which are lengthy, complex, and boring, â€Å"100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid† is simple, straightforward, and it focus on the 100 mistakes that are probably already hurting your writing pieces. (Satish G.) This book will make it easier to identify and avoid mistakes which might make our clients think less of us. As a British writer who often writes for an American audience, it’s useful to have guidance on a few stylistic points that may feel wrong to me but may be right for my readers. (Sharon Hurley) Where I think the guide comes in really handy is for writers who are committing these mistakes and may not even realize it. These aren’t the kind of things that are picked up in a spell check and unless we know what to look for, in all probability, we will continue oblivious to these types of errors. (Travis King) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor40 Fish IdiomsGrammatical Case in English

Bahuvrihi Compounds

Bahuvrihi Compounds Bahuvrihi Compounds Bahuvrihi Compounds By Mark Nichol Have you ever described someone as a blockhead? Have you explained an action as heavy-handed? Have you ever referred to someone as white-collar? If so, then you’ve employed a bahuvrihi compound. Such terms are compounds in which the first word of each pair is a feature of the second; the composition is an adjective (or, occasionally, a noun) attached to a noun to itself serve as an adjective or a noun. The name, from Sanskrit, is itself a bahuvrihi compound that means â€Å"much rice† but refers, as a form of synecdoche, to a rich man. (A synecdoche is a term that uses a part of something to refer to the whole, such as hand in the direction â€Å"Give me a hand† when what one is asking for is the use of one’s entire person.) Bahuvrihi compounds often refer to a characteristic of a person. They can be neutral (barefoot) or derogatory (lowlife). They can refer to a physical feature (graybeard or redhead) or to status within a profession or pursuit (blue-collar and white-collar, or tenderfoot) or an attitude associated with one’s place in society (bluestocking or highbrow). Compounds such as heavy-handed can describe an approach or a personality trait. They can also pertain to an object (houndstooth, to describe a fabric pattern; also styled hound’s-tooth) or to an animal (sabretooth); other compounds that, like these, consist of two nouns include several pejorative terms for someone perceived to be dumb or foolish: blockhead, bonehead, half-wit, and knucklehead. By contrast, a person considered highly intelligent is called an egghead. Note that bahuvrihi compounds are usually closed; the aforementioned blue-collar and white-collar, as well as half-wit and heavy-handed, are exceptions, as is the term â€Å"old money,† to refer to a family that has been wealthy for generations (or an individual from such a family). Whether the compound is open, hyphenated, or closed, is, as is the case with compounds in general, random; note blue-collar and bluestocking, for example. Bahuvrihi compounds are useful resources for writers as expressive ways to describe a person or, occasionally, a place or a thing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Can Gray Hacking Be Justified Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can Gray Hacking Be Justified - Research Paper Example Known as the ethical hacker, these persons are perceived almost as a mystery. The interconnectedness of the term ethical with hacking is known as being oxymoron, parallel to calling someone a frank offender. It would seem as although Ethical Hackers, however; may have established a place in our canon of defenses of network assets and that they are here to stay. The wagers today are much advanced and the playing ground encompasses every element of our society: be it be commerce and industry, national security, educational entities, and public/private organizations. The domain of the ethical hacker will grown into all these grounds and the insight derived from skills will have to be integrated into the organ of statistical and practical understanding utilized appropriately to shield informational assets(Harper et al, 2011). According to Harper et al (2011), the ideal for the Ethical Hacker is to be a contributor to the organ of knowledge of network security. With this in their mindset, it is essential that these persons follow a systematic tactic, in approaching their relevant network attacks. The concept of breaking into a customer’s network further must be regarded in light of the ultimate objective of mending it. Here, the Ethical Hacker is presented not one who is self-seeking, rather they must be perceived as being another spoke in the Defense in-Depth plan. The concept of utilitarianism that was initially devised by Jeremy Bethman in the eighteenth century, later to be fully developed by John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century states that we should at all times act so as to create the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone concerned with our choices.... The concept of utilitarianism that was initially devised by Jeremy Bethman in the eighteenth century, later to be fully developed by John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century states that we should at all times act so as to create the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone concerned with our choices. Utilitarianism with regard to many ethical hypotheses has many strengths and weaknesses. The main strong point for this hypothesis is that it is at all times seeking for the maximum good for the utmost number. This is an excellent strength. Since its, a network strives to maximize pleasure for the greatest number. The major weak point of utilitarianism is that it is highly hard to project the outcome of the action. The results of all conditions are difficult to estimate, so how can we probably apply the imperative of the most happiness for the greatest number if we do not understand who will benefit the greatest every time is still a question that begs for answers. Gray hat defines a cracker or as it is well understood, a hacker who uses a security weakness in a computer system or product for them to show the weakness to the attention of the owners. Unlike a gray hat, a black hat acts without spiteful intention. The objective of a gray is to advance the network and security network. By exposing the susceptibility, the gray hat, however, may offer other hackers the chance to exploit it. This is different from the white who notifies system owners and merchants of the susceptibility with apparently exploiting it in public.

Environmental law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental law - Essay Example Along with the passing of an enabling statute, there is also the power to investigate violations of rules and judicial power to adjudicate disputes an agency may have with individuals or businesses (Kubasek & Silverman, 2000). Administrative agencies have three ways of making rules: informal, formal and hybrid ones – all governed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). In informal rule making, an agency starts the process by publishing the proposed law in the Federal Register, together with a justification of the legal power for issuing the law. It also describes how people can be part of the rule making procedure, and invites those interested in submitting written comments. The agency then evaluates the comments and publishes the adopted law in the Federal Register. It bears a statement of its purpose and the date it becomes effective. Formal rule making occurs when an enabling statute stipulates that all regulations be passed by an agency as part of a formal inquiry process that includes an official transcript. The process starts in the same way as the informal one. However, it also includes a public hearing where witnesses give testimonies on advantages and disadvantages of the proposed law. A transcript of the hearing is maintained. An adopted law based on the received information is then published. Hybrid rule making combines the best features of informal and formal rule making in an attempt to minimize their flaws. It starts with publishing the proposed law in the Federal Register followed by informal public hearings and a restricted cross examination of witnesses. The adopted laws are then published. Administrative agencies have had a positive impact on local living environments. For instance, the EPA sets rules limiting the level of hazardous air pollutants an industry may emit into the atmosphere (Kubasek & Silverman,

Data Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Data Mining - Essay Example Irrespective of the technique, data mining can be broadly carried out in three steps in generic terms: classification (applied to group data based on set rules), association (the relation between objects within the group is identified) and sequence analysis (the sequence in which a data repeats itself is identified). The major pitfall for data mining is that, in some cases the process becomes disorganized without any set goals or objectives. This results in wastage of time, effort and investment. The other pitfall is that the programmers involved in the data mining process may not have sufficient business knowledge to understand the objectives or the information that can be retrieved. Sometimes, for a given data mining problem, the relevant data in the available data can be insignificant. In the case that has been presented, the airline utilizes the data available about its customers that were collected via. the frequent flier program to identify patterns in consumer behaviour. The airline employed data mining process in order to increase the responses from the customers and also to increase the value of response. Based on this information, the airline can then propose offers based on the results. This will increase the response rate as the offers are planned based on the results of customer preferences. Data mining can be widely applied to many industrial sectors. Retail and Telecommunication companies can make use of data mining in a number of ways to increase their revenue. Retail companies have a vast amount of data on the customer preferences and their purchase patterns. This data can be mined to identify consumer behaviour. In the telecommunications sector, the companies can mine the data they have about their subscribers to make value based propositions targeted at the customers who are of high value to the

Biomimetic Lumbar Artificial Intervertebral Disc

Biomimetic Lumbar Artificial Intervertebral Disc Rapid Prototyping of a Biomimetic Lumbar Artificial Intervertebral Disc for Total Disc Replacement Arthroplasty Abstract Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are soft tissues that provide flexibility to the vertebral column by transmitting and distributing the large loads that act on the spine. Degeneration of any of the IVD components may cause low back pain (LBP) in a significant amount of the worlds population due to change in the entire discs mechanics. IVD arthroplasty or total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to spinal fusion by allowing some movement to be restored to the patient. Existing artificial disc replacements (AIDs) have not the same properties of a normal biological IVDs, and may cause further complications such as metallosis, osteolysis, and implant dislodgement. Currently, there exist no AIDs that allow the same range of motion, mechanical performance, and comparable life span to a biological IVD. This projects seeks to create a soft and flexible biomimetic AID with equivalent mechanical properties by rapid prototyping to be able to personalize the implant to suit the anatomical chara cteristics of each individual. Background The spinal column provides rigidity and stability to the skeleton; it is divided into 4 distinct spinal regions: cervical (C1 C7), thoracic (T1 T12), lumbar (L1 L5), and sacral (S1 S5). Each section of the spine is composed of osseous elements called vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs (IVD) attached to the surfaces of the vertebral bodies. IVDs are composed of soft tissue with three main components: the gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) at the centre, the surrounding concentric collagen layers of the annulus fibrosus (AF), and the cartilaginous endplates that attach the NP and the AF to the vertebral bodies. Degeneration of any of these soft tissues will cause the mechanical behaviour of the entire disc to change [1]. In particular, degeneration of the nucleus pulposus causes the loss of osmotic pressure and hydration. Consequently, the fluid exchange is reduced and affects the tissues cellular function and disc height diminution. Producing as a result an increase in disc instability and impingement of the roots of the spine triggering discogenic pain [2] [3]. IVD degeneration in any of the spinal regions directly contributes to instability, axial back pain [3]. The strongest compression forces that affect the components of the spine are experienced at the height of the lumbar-sacral regions (L4-L5 and L5-S1) [4] [5] [6] often resulting in lumbar or low back pain (LBP) [3]. LBP is the second most frequent reason for a medical intervention in the USA [7], affecting an estimated 80% [6] of the worlds population at some point of their lives; with an estimated economic impact of approximately $100 billion in the USA [8] [9], and  £12 billion in the UK [10] per annum. While surgery is not the first choice to treat discogenic pain, it is considered after a six month period of conservative pain management fails to ease the patients pain [3] [6]. Surgical options for LBP include dynamic stabilization, spinal fusion, and total disc replacement (TDR) surgery [3] [6]. TDR is an alternative treatment that may be used in some patients instead of spinal fusion [3]; it consists removing the damaged IVD and using a mechanical device to replace it and restore movement to the affected zone [1] [3] [11]. This method aims to restore movement to the spine and prevent early degeneration and disease of adjacent segments that may be caused by the load and motion redistribution of a fused spinal segment [3] [12]; TDR has a significantly reduced surgery time, shorter postoperative recuperation, improved patient recovery, and acceptable level of morbidity [3] [11] [13]. Among the most used artificial intervertebral discs (AIDs) commercially available now include: Chari te artificial discs (Depuy, Johnson and Johnson) [14] [13], ProDisc-L (DePuy Synthes) [3] [13]. Statement of the Problem AIDs are more commonly made from hard materials, such as metals, ceramics and hard polymers [11] [13] [15], but these experience wear and may even result in metallosis, osteolysis and implant dislodgement [11] [16] Current technologies consist mostly of superposed metallic plates with another core material acting as the nucleus pulposus. The surfaces of the implants connected to the vertebras may lead to the formation of tight bonds that cause clashing movements between the plate and core materials hindering the implant-bone interface. In reality, these AIDs have limited mobility compared to normal biological IVDs, and may further deteriorate the patients condition by dislodging from the vertebral bodies or releasing debris from the wear and friction of the implant [11] [17]. Flexible AIDs made from polymeric materials have been deemed as unable to sustain the high mechanical loads of the spine [15]. Shikinami et al pioneered a flexible 3D woven fabric AID made form bioinert ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) [16]. Their AID consisted of mimicking the collagenous fibre arrangement of a normal biological IVD using a triaxial fibre arrangement able to exhibit similar mechanical properties to a human IVD; however, they acknowledged that wear debris occurred at the bone-implant interface in vitro and their fixation method could cause direct bonding to the vertebral bodes or cause fibrous connective tissues to cover the interface [17]. The Bonassar group at Cornell University have devised a composite AID made form TE-TDR and ovine AF and NP cell. After being implanted in the rat caudal lumbar spine for six months, it was shown to maintain adequate disc height (78%) and ECM deposition into the vertebral bodies and endplate. Nevertheless, this composite AID was only tested axially and it is not known if such composite would be able to resist bending and torsion [18]. More recently, a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printed composite TE-TDR PCL scaffold was created to replicate a rabbit IVD [19]. Their results show that their model exhibited higher compressive stiffness than that of a human IVD and prove that personalised implants created by rapid prototyping are promising in the future. However, their proposed implant does not mimic the internal structure of a normal biological IVD. Thus far, there are no commercial AID implants that cater to the unique anatomical features of each individual. Furthermore, current soft AID implants being investigated have the following concerns: these seldom mimic the radially alternating lamellas of the AF, have been thoroughly tested in the six degrees of freedom that the human spine endures, or promote appropriate implant vertebral body integration. Research Objectives The guiding research question is: Would a 3D printed soft biomimetic AID be able to have the same mobility and mechanical properties of a normal biological IVD? This involves the following specific objectives: To create an accurate 3D printed biomimetic implant mimicking the radially alternating lamellas of the annulus fibrosus. Assess the implants endurance and fatigue resistance. To promote cellular integration of the implants top and bottom surfaces into the vertebral bodies without hindering the implants performance. Compare the biomimetic implant to commercially available AIDs implants. Methodology The research plan will proceed in two phases. During the first phase, 1) I will collect anthropometric data to generate a geometrically accurate IVD model from CT/MRI databases using Materialise Mimics (Materialise NV). From this model, 2) I will create a CAD model of a biomimetic IVD implant mimicking the AF lamellas , and 3) perform FEA on the model to determine if the chosen materials will be able to sustain the in vivo loads a natural IVD experiences. In this first phase, I will also perform FEA analysis of commercially available artificial disc implants and compare them to our biomimetic IVD implant. The final step of the first phase is to 3D print the biomimetic model and if needed 4) optimize it to account for any warping or curling of the material, or any other defects caused by the rapid prototyping. During the second phase, 5) I will test implant wear, endurance, and other mechanical properties and 6) biocompatibility and osseous integration to the top and bottom surfaces of the biomimetic IVD and assess cellular attachment to the vertebras. I will also 7) compare our biomimetic IVD to commercially available artificial discs such as Charite (Depuy, Johnson and Johnson) and ProDisc-L (DePuy Synthes). Tentative Timeline Phase 1: Green Phase 2: Blue 2018 2019 2020 Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Finalize project description 1) Anthropometric data acquisition 2) Biomimetic CAD model of IVD implant. 3) FEA analysis of CAD model 4) 3D printing optimization of model 5) Mechanical testing of 3D printed model 6) Biocompatibility and integration of biomimetic IVD implant 7) Comparison to commercially available TDR implants 8) Preparing Thesis and Defense Defense X References [1] D. H. Cortes and D. M. Elliot, The Intervertebral Disc: Overview of Disc Mechanics, in The Intervertebral Disc, Springer-Verlag Wien, 2014, pp. 17-31. [2] S. M. Richardson, A. J. Freemont and J. A. Hoyland, Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, in The Intervertebral Disc, Springer-Verlag Wien, 2014, pp. 177-200. [3] D. G. Sueki and B. Barcohana, Lumbar Spine Disc Replacement, in Rehabilitation for the Postsurgical Orthopedic Patient, St. Louis, Elsevier Mosby, 2013, pp. 335-360. [4] A. MRÓZ, K. SKALSKI and W. WALCZYK, New lumbar disc endoprosthesis applied to the patients anatomic features, Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 25-34, 2015. [5] J. L. Pinheiro-Franco and P. Roussouly, The Importance of Sagittal Balance for the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease, in Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease, Spinger, 2016, pp. 703-724. [6] R. R. Patel, J. A. Rihn, R. K. Ponnoppan and T. J. Albert, Surgical Indications for Lumbar Degenerative Disease, in The Intervertebral Disc, Wien, Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 213-224. [7] A. Borthakur and R. Reddy, Imaging Modalities for Studying Disc Pathology, in The Intervertebral Disc, Wien, Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 201- 212. [8] K. JN, Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain: socioeconomic factors and consequences [review]., J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol. 88, pp. 21-24, 2006. [9] W. T. Crow and D. R. Willis, Estimating Cost of Care for Patients With Acute Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Review of Patient Records, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, vol. 109, pp. 229-233, 2009. [10] D. G. T. Whitehurst, S. Bryan, M. Lewis, J. Hill and E. M. Hay, Exploring the cost-utility of stratified primary care management for low back pain compared with current best practice within risk-defined subgroups, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 17, pp. 1796-1802, 2012. [11] C. K. Lee and V. K. Goel, Artificial disc prosthesis: design concepts and criteria, The Spine Journal , vol. 4, pp. 209S-218S, 2004. [12] F. Garcà ­a Vacas, F. Ezquerro Juanco, A. Pà ©rez de la Blanca, M. Prado Novoa and S. Postigo Pozo, The flexion-extension response of a novel lumbar intervertebral disc prosthesis: A finite element study, Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 73, pp. 273-281, 2013. [13] J. M. Vital and L. Boissiere, Total Disc Replacement, Orthopaedics Traumatology: Surgery Research , vol. 100, pp. S1-S14, 2014. [14] R. D. Guyer and D. D. Ohnmeiss, A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Two Lumar Total Disk Replacements, in Surgery for Low Back Pain, Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 193-197. [15] D. G. Kang, M. D. Helgeson and A. R. Vaccaro, Spinal Motion Restoration Devices for the Degenerative Disc, in The Intervertebral Disc, Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 225-246. [16] Y. Shikinami, Y. Kotani, B. W. Cunningham, K. Abumi and K. Kaneda, A Biomimetic Artificial Disc with Improved Mechanical Properties Compared to Biological Intervertebral Discs, Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 14, no. 11, 2004. [17] Y. Shikinami, Y. Kawabe, K. Yasukawa, K. Tsuta, Y. Kotani and K. Abumi, A biomimetic artificial intervertebral disc system composed of a cubic three-dimensional fabric, The Spine Journal, vol. 10, pp. 141-152, 2010. [18] R. D. Bowles, H. H. Gebhard, R. Hartl and L. J. Bonassar, Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 32, p. 13106-13111, 2011. [19] S. Van Uden, J. Silva-Correia, V. M. Correlo, J. M. Oliveira and R. L. Reis, Custom-Tailored Tissue Engineered Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Total Disc Replacement, Biofabrication, vol. 7, no. 1, 2015.

Essay --

George Bilgere, an American Poet writes a touching but sad poem about his personal life. Bilgere who is the main character in the poem takes his readers on a journey about the survival of his struggles in life. Coming from a family with divorced parents, alcoholic father and mother who passed away lead him to be more open with his poetry. In the poem â€Å" Like Riding a Bicycle† Bilgere informs his readers about the struggles he had to face throughout his childhood due to not having a mother or father figure around at a young age. Throughout the poem, Bilgere shows that even though you struggle in life, there is alway a way to find yourself as a successful individual. Bilgere was a young boy who suffered from alcohol abuse. The first few stanzas of the poem started off showing happiness when describing his father teaching him how to ride a bicycle. Getting deeper into the poem, it turns to a rough point when Bilgere compares the push while riding a bike to his own marriage. For instance â€Å" As I make some perilous adult launch / like pulling away from my wife.† (462) Knowing that his father and mother split up when Bilgere was a young child, shows that the divorce affected his future. Bilgere’s father alcohol problem destroyed their family. The line â€Å" On their own divorce, their balance / long gone and the hard ground already / rising up to smite them† ( 462) shows the feeling of being abandoned and left alone. His father's alcoholism caused his actions to become violent. For instance â€Å" He swore and stomped off.† (462) which demonstrates to the reader that the father had trouble controlling his temper towar ds his son and wife. Throughout the entire poem, it shows that Bilgere had strong anger towards his father but learns to appreciate ... ...er evening† (463) gives us the thought of him remembering it all, but â€Å" the pacific shoreline† (463) which proves that the bicycle ride was representing a new life. Bilgere gives his readers the conclusion to never give up even when life turns upside down. Bilgere was a young boy who survived a tough childhood and grew up to be a successful man. Even though he didn't have the childhood most children have shows that anything is possible. We shouldn't give up on anything when life gets difficult for us. Bilgere proves to his reader that giving up doesn't get you anywhere; doing something about it does. Knowing that Bilgere was about to find happiness and be confident in the person he had became gives me the hope of a better future. Life will through some tough punches but better to take the pain than to give up because god has something better stored for the future.

ACL in practice

One way to ensure the integrity of the data is to check for duplicate records. To find the total amount of a field, use the Total command. The Quick Sort feature lets you view the data in sequential order. A filter is a logical expression that you can type in the view's Filter text box. CAL displays only those records that match the filter. An expression is a set of operators and values that you use to perform calculations, specify conditions for a test, or create values that do not exist directly in the data. An CAL expression can be a combination of data fields or computed fields, operators,constants, functions, and variables.Commands: Statistics, Profile, Duplicate, Total, Quick Sort— See the detailed explanations below. In this chapter you accomplished the following tasks: ; Opening a project Viewing the project contents ; Using Statistics and Profile commands to analyze data ; Using Quick Sort to sort the data in a specified order Creating and applying filters Examine the employee list Tasks: View the employee data project. Get statistical picture. Check for duplicate employee records. Open and view the employee data project Open the employee data projectProject: Open an existing and save project as Surname_Metaphor_Employee_Data, then K, and close project. Open an existing project—Surname_Metaphor_Employee_Data and start. Tables: Agents_Metaphor – lists all of Metaphor's independent sales agents around the world. Rename this file as Surname_Agents_Metaphor. Employee_List – lists all of the Metaphor employees at the head office. Rename this file as Surname_Employee_list. View the contents of the employee data project (Insert your answer here) Get a statistical picture Generate statistics on the employee list Use Profile to get information about a tableLook for duplicate records Look for duplicate employee numbers Examine employee salaries and Bonuses Find total bonuses paid in 2002 Use the Total command to find total bonuses pai d in 2002 View salaries in descending and ascending order View employee salaries in descending and ascending order View employees hired in 2002 Create a filter to show employees that were hired in 2002 Determine bonus as a percentage of salary Your Log Your Folder Explanations: STATISTICS Syntax numeric-field-list specifies the numeric fields or expressions for which statistics will be provided. Et-field-list specifies the date fields or expressions for which statistics will be provided. SST calculates the standard deviation of the fields specified, in addition to the other statistics. Obtaining statistics on numeric and date fields Use Statistics on date and numeric fields to obtain an overview of the data. For specified fields, the Statistics command provides: Record counts, field totals, and average field values for positive, nil, and negative field values Absolute value Ranges Highest and lowest field values The Statistics command also populates a number of system variables. To use theStatistics command Select Analyze Ð’Â » Statistical Ð’Â » Statistics to display the Statistics dialog box. PROFILE PROFILE numeric fields numeric_fields specifies the numeric fields to be profiled. Producing summary statistics on numeric fields Use the Profile command to provide summary statistics on one or more numeric fields in a table. Profile provides the following information for numeric fields: Total value Absolute value Minimum value Maximum value Profile is used primarily to determine minimum, maximum, absolute, and total field values (as appropriate) before issuing the Stratify, Histogram, or Sample commands.If you want an overview of a table before detailed processing, the Statistics command provides more complete information. After a field has been profiled, CAL knows its minimum and maximum values. These values are then used as defaults for the Minimum and Maximum parameters in the Stratify and Histogram commands. Similarly, CAL knows the absolute value of the field and uses this value as the default for the Population parameter in the Sample command. If the Automatic Profile interface option is turned on, CAL automatically produces a profile of all the numeric fields in a table each time a new table is opened.The profiles can be viewed in the command results. To turn this option on, select Tools from the menu bar and choose Options. Click the Table tab and select Automatically Profile on Open. To use the Profile command Select Analyze Ð’Â »Statistical Ð’Â »Profile to display the Profile dialog box. DUPLICATES DUPLICATES key_field . ON key-field specifies the fields or expressions to check for duplicates. UNFORMATTED suppresses page headings and page breaks when the output is directed to a file. OTHER field-list specifies a list of fields or expressions to include in the output for a duplicates test.The fields are reported in columnar format with duplicate items displayed in grouped rows. A blank line separates each set of du plicates. The duplicated key field values are reported in the first column, followed by the specified fields. PRESORT sorts the primary table on the primary key before testing for duplicates. You cannot use the PRESORT keyword in a group. Testing for duplicates The Duplicates command detects whether key fields in the active table contain duplicates. To test for duplicate records Select Analyze from the menu bar and choose Look for Duplicates to display theDuplicates dialog box. If your table contains a great many records, it is faster and more useful to save the command results to a file than to display the results on the screen. TOTAL TOTAL numeric fields Totaling numeric fields or expressions Use the Total command to total numeric fields or expressions in the active table. Total is typically used to prove the completeness and accuracy of the data and to produce control totals. Total finds the arithmetic sum of the fields or expressions specified. As well as displaying the totals r equested, this command saves the result n a special variable, Totals. Is normally â€Å"1†, but adopts the sequential command number when Total is issued in a group, for example, TOTAL 17. To use the Total command Select Analyze from the menu bar and choose Total Fields to display the Total dialog box. Sorting a view with Quick Sort You can use Quick Sort to sort records on any field. Applicable only to the view, Quick Sort is a temporary means to view your records in ascending or descending order. When you are finished with Quick Sort, you can turn it off to return the view to the order in which the records exist in the table.To use Quick Sort, right-click the column header and select one of the sort options: Quick Sort Ascending – sorts the records from lowest to highest. Quick Sort Descending – sorts the records from highest to lowest. Quick Sort Off – restores the records to the previous sort order. Quick Sort applies to the view only and not to comma nds, which use the sort order that is present in the table. To sort the records in the table, use the Sort command. To index the table by one or more fields, use the Index command. Quick Sort is not available for dynamic server-based CAL tables.